Words, phrases, and abbreviations of foreign origin that appear in a dictionary for the language in which you are writing a posteriori a priori per se ad lib.
Italics for emphasis In general, avoid using italics for emphasis. Reverse italics When words that would normally be italicized appear within text that is already italicized, those words should be set in standard nonitalic type, referred to as reverse italicization. Assessment and treatment of older adults: A guide for mental health professionals. Title of page: Subtitle if any. Website Name.
Example in which the content is unlikely to change over time:. American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Justice served: Case closed for over 40 dogfighting victims.
Example in which the content is likely to change over time:. Note: When the author and site name are the same, omit the site name in the reference. Paragraph Number if more than one paragraph in section. Note: When there are no visible page numbers or paragraph numbers, you may cite the section heading and the number of the paragraph in that section to identify where your quote came from.
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. Price, D. Laziness does not exist. Shillam, S. Message from the Dean. University of Portland. For example, the reference entry for a source written by Jane Marie Smith would begin with "Smith, J. Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.
For multiple articles by the same author, or authors listed in the same order, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent. When referring to the titles of books, chapters, articles, reports, webpages, or other sources, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns.
Note again that the titles of academic journals are subject to special rules. See section below. Italicize titles of longer works e. Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as chapters in books or essays in edited collections. Italicize journal titles. Maintain any nonstandard punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its title.
The title of the article is in plain text and title case; it is placed inside quotation marks. Follow the punctuation and formatting as given in the example.
Surname, First Name. Etchells, Tim. In APA style, the article title is given in plain text and sentence case. In MLA style, the article title is written in title case and given in quotation marks.
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