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Telomerase reactivation in these mice caused extension of telomeres, reduced DNA damage, reversed neurodegeneration, and improved the function of the testes, spleen, and intestines. Thus, telomere reactivation may have potential for treating age-related diseases in humans. Learning Objectives Describe the role played by telomerase in replication of telomeres. The ends of linear chromosomes, called telomeres, protect genes from getting deleted as cells continue to divide. Once the lagging strand is elongated by telomerase, DNA polymerase can add the complementary nucleotides to the ends of the chromosomes and the telomeres can finally be replicated.
Cells that undergo cell division continue to have their telomeres shortened because most somatic cells do not make telomerase; telomere shortening is associated with aging.
Telomerase reactivation in telomerase-deficient mice causes extension of telomeres; this may have potential for treating age-related diseases in humans. Key Terms telomere : either of the repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome, which protect the chromosome from degradation telomerase : an enzyme in eukaryotic cells that adds a specific sequence of DNA to the telomeres of chromosomes after they divide, giving the chromosomes stability over time.
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