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Thyroid cancer occurs when cells in your thyroid undergo genetic changes mutations. The mutations allow the cells to grow and multiply rapidly. The cells also lose the ability to die, as normal cells would. The accumulating abnormal thyroid cells form a tumor. The abnormal cells can invade nearby tissue and can spread metastasize to other parts of the body.
Thyroid cancer is classified into types based on the kinds of cells found in the tumor. Your type is determined when a sample of tissue from your cancer is examined under a microscope. The type of thyroid cancer is considered in determining your treatment and prognosis.
Despite treatment, thyroid cancer can return, even if you've had your thyroid removed. This could happen if microscopic cancer cells spread beyond the thyroid before it's removed. Thyroid cancer that recurs can be treated. Your doctor may recommend periodic blood tests or thyroid scans to check for signs of a thyroid cancer recurrence.
Doctors aren't sure what causes most cases of thyroid cancer, so there's no way to prevent thyroid cancer in people who have an average risk of the disease. Adults and children with an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of medullary thyroid cancer may consider thyroid surgery to prevent cancer prophylactic thyroidectomy. Discuss your options with a genetic counselor who can explain your risk of thyroid cancer and your treatment options. A medication that blocks the effects of radiation on the thyroid is sometimes provided to people living near nuclear power plants.
The medication potassium iodide could be used in the unlikely event of a nuclear reactor accident. If you live within 10 miles of a nuclear power plant and are concerned about safety precautions, contact your state or local emergency management department for more information. Thyroid cancer care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version.
This content does not have an Arabic version. Use the menu to choose a different section to read in this guide. A lump in the front of the neck, near the Adam's apple Hoarseness Swollen glands in the neck Difficulty swallowing Difficulty breathing Pain in the throat or neck A cough that persists and is not caused by a cold If you are concerned about any changes you experience, please talk with your doctor. Types of Cancer. Thyroid Cancer Guide.
Net Guide Thyroid Cancer. Medical Illustrations. Risk Factors. Symptoms and Signs. Types of Treatment. About Clinical Trials. Latest Research. Coping with Treatment. Though initially skeptical about the novel approach, Russell studied the technique in Thailand and saw that scarless thyroidectomy could be a valuable alternative to a traditional approach.
Even after successful surgery, recovery takes time, and some patients need weeks off of work. His advice to women is to find a doctor who listens. They know something is wrong, and want to be taken seriously. At the busiest time in their lives, they want to regain their health and their energy. Join endocrinologist Paul Ladenson, M.
Thyroid Cancer: Common in Women Thyroid disorders are more common in women , probably due to the roles of hormones, which are different in females than in males. Treatment for Thyroid Cancer Surgery to remove the thyroid and any affected lymph nodes is the preferred treatment. Working on Recovery Even after successful surgery, recovery takes time, and some patients need weeks off of work.
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